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<title>Martin Chuzzlewit</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the BBC adaptations, see <a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit_(1964_TV_series)" title="Martin Chuzzlewit (1964 TV series)">Martin Chuzzlewit (1964 TV series)</a> and <a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit_(1994_TV_series)" title="Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)">Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-book vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Martin Chuzzlewit </caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of serial edition seventh instalment, July 1843</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Illustrator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Hablot_Knight_Browne" title="Hablot Knight Browne">Hablot Knight Browne</a> (<a href="Phiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Phiz">Phiz</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">Serialised</a>: January 1843 – July 1844; as a book 1844</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Chapman_%26_Hall" title="Chapman & Hall">Chapman & Hall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">Serial</a>, Hardback, and Paperback)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge</a> </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="Dombey_and_Son" title="Dombey and Son">Dombey and Son</a> </i></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><i><b>The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit</b></i> (commonly known as <i><b>Martin Chuzzlewit</b></i>) is a novel by English author <a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, considered the last of his <a href="Picaresque_novel" title="Picaresque novel">picaresque novels</a>. It was originally serialised between January 1843 and July 1844. While he was writing it Dickens told a friend that he thought it was his best work thus far,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was one of his least popular novels, judged by sales of the monthly instalments.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characters in this novel gained fame, including Pecksniff and Mrs Gamp.

</p><p>Like nearly all of Dickens's novels, <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> was first published in monthly instalments. Early sales of the monthly parts were lower than those of previous works, so Dickens changed the plot to send the title character to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-bfi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bfi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dickens had visited America in 1842 in part as a failed attempt to get the US publishers to honour international copyright laws. He satirized the country as a place filled with self-promoting hucksters, eager to sell land sight unseen. He also unfavourably highlighted slavery and featured characters with racist attitudes and a propensity to violence. In later editions, and in his second visit 24 years later to a much-changed US, he made clear in a speech that it was satire and not a balanced image of the nation and then included that speech in all future editions.

</p><p>The main theme of the novel, according to Dickens's <a href="Preface" title="Preface">preface</a>, is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family. The novel is also notable for two of Dickens's great <a href="Villain" title="Villain">villains</a>, Seth Pecksniff and Jonas Chuzzlewit. Dickens introduced one of the first literary private detective characters, Mr Nadgett, in this novel.<sup id="cite_ref-Panek2011_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panek2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is dedicated to <a href="Angela_Georgina_Burdett-Coutts" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts">Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts</a>, a friend of Dickens.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2></div>

<p>Martin Chuzzlewit has been raised by his grandfather and namesake. Years before, Old Martin took the precaution of raising an orphaned girl, Mary Graham, to be his companion and nursemaid, with the understanding that she would receive income from him only as long as Old Martin lives. Old Martin considers that this gives her a motive to keep him alive, in contrast to his relatives, who want to inherit his money. Young Martin falls in love with Mary and wishes to marry her, conflicting with Old Martin's plans. Young Martin and his grandfather argue, each too proud to yield to a resolution. Young Martin leaves home to live on his own, and Old Martin disinherits him.

</p><p>Young Martin becomes an apprentice, at the late age of 21, to Seth Pecksniff, a relative and greedy architect. Instead of teaching his students, Pecksniff lives off their tuition fees and has them do <a href="Architectural_drawing" title="Architectural drawing">draughting</a> work that he passes off as his own. He has two spoiled daughters, Charity and Mercy, nicknamed Cherry and Merry. Pecksniff takes Young Martin on to establish closer ties with his wealthy grandfather.

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</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Old Martin and Mary</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A Game of Love</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>Young Martin befriends Tom Pinch, a kind-hearted soul whose late grandmother gave Pecksniff all she had in the belief that Pecksniff would make an architect and a gentleman of him. Pinch is incapable of believing any of the bad things others tell him of Pecksniff and always defends him vociferously. He works for exploitatively low wages while believing that he is the unworthy recipient of Pecksniff's charity, rather than a man of many talents.

</p><p>Young Martin spends one week at the house of Pecksniff, alone with Tom, as the family spends the week in <a href="London" title="London">London</a>. Young Martin draws the designs for a school during that week. When Old Martin learns of his grandson's new life, he asks that Pecksniff kick him out. When Pecksniff returns, they argue and Young Martin leaves, once again to make his way alone. Soon, Old Martin and Mary arrive in the area; the former seems to fall under Pecksniff's control. During this time Pinch falls in love with Mary, who loves to hear him play the organ, but does not declare his feelings, both because of his shyness and because he knows she is attached to Young Martin. Pecksniff decides that Mary should be his next wife and rudely courts her.

</p><p>Old Martin's brother, Anthony Chuzzlewit, is in business with his son, Jonas. Despite their considerable wealth, they are miserly and cruel. Jonas, eager for the old man to die so that he can inherit, constantly berates his father. Anthony dies abruptly and under suspicious circumstances, leaving his wealth to Jonas. Jonas then woos Cherry, while arguing constantly with Merry. He then abruptly declares to Pecksniff that he wants to marry Merry and jilts Cherry, not without demanding an additional £1,000 on top of the £4,000 that Pecksniff has promised him as Cherry's <a href="Dowry" title="Dowry">dowry</a>, with the argument that Cherry has better chances for matchmaking.

</p><p>Jonas becomes entangled with the unscrupulous Montague Tigg, formerly a petty thief and hanger-on of a Chuzzlewit relative, Chevy Slyme, and joins in Tigg's crooked insurance business. As Young Martin raises funds in London, Tigg cheats him at the <a href="Pawn_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawn shop">pawn shop</a> of the full value of his valuable <a href="Pocket_watch" title="Pocket watch">pocket watch</a>. Tigg uses the funds to transform himself into a <a href="Con_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Con man">con man</a> with a new personal appearance, calls himself "Tigg Montague" and rents a fine office. This new image convinces investors that he is an important businessman from whom they may greatly profit.

</p><p>At this time, Pecksniff, in front of Old Martin, orders Pinch out of his house. He does this after eavesdropping on a conversation between Tom and Mary, when Mary tells of Pecksniff's villainous designs on her. Pinch suddenly sees the true character of his employer and goes to London to seek new employment. He meets John Westlock, a good friend. Pinch rescues his sister Ruth from mistreatment by the family that employs her as a <a href="Governess" title="Governess">governess</a>, and the two rent rooms in <a href="Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a>. Pinch quickly receives an ideal job from a mysterious employer with the help of an equally mysterious Mr Fips.

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<div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:268px;max-width:268px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Tom Pinch at the Organ</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">John Westlock and Ruth Pinch</div></div></div></div></div>

<p>Meanwhile, Young Martin has encountered cheerful innkeeper Mark Tapley. Deciding his occupation does not reflect well on him because it shows no strength of character to be happy when one has good fortune, Mark heads to London to find a situation to test his cheerfulness by maintaining it in worse circumstances. To this end he accompanies Young Martin to the United States to seek their fortunes.

</p><p>Young Martin believes the words of men in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> selling land unseen, along a major American river, thinking that place will need an architect for new buildings. Instead, he and Mark find a swampy, disease-filled, nearly empty settlement. Mark aids a couple who watch their children die in Eden. Young Martin, soon followed by Mark, falls ill of <a href="Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. This grim experience changes Young Martin's selfish character, and he takes Mark's suggestion to apologize to his grandfather. The men return to England, where Young Martin seeks reconciliation with Old Martin, who is still with Pecksniff. In London, Young Martin reunites with Pinch and meets Westlock. Old Martin shows himself at Pinch's office, revealing himself as the mysterious employer. He has been pretending to be in thrall to Pecksniff, while keeping up with other, more important members of his extended family.

</p><p>While Young Martin was in America, a witness came forward to Westlock who believed Jonas had killed Anthony, using drugs the witness gave him in trade for erasing a gambling debt. Chuffey, who survives his master Anthony, had seen the drugs and prevented Jonas from using them on his father, who died a natural death. The police, including Slyme, have discovered the body of Tigg Montague and have the benefit of the information gathered by Montague's investigator, Nadgett, to know the murderer. At the home shared by Jonas, Merry and Mr Chuffey, the police and Old Martin confront Jonas. Jonas is saved of the charge of murdering his father by Chuffey's story. He is taken for the murder of Montague, who had fooled him and taken his money. Old Martin takes Merry under his protection, as she was an abused wife, with none of her happy ways left.

</p><p>Old Martin, with his grandson, Mary and Pinch, confront Pecksniff with their knowledge of his true character. Pecksniff has lost all his funds, as he was taken in by Jonas and Montague. Only his eldest daughter, a shrew who had been jilted on her wedding day, is left to him. Old Martin reveals that he was angry at Young Martin for becoming engaged to Mary because he had planned to arrange that particular match himself, and felt that his glory had been thwarted by their action. Young Martin and his grandfather are reconciled, and Young Martin and Mary are married, as are Ruth Pinch and John Westlock, another former student of Pecksniff. Pinch remains in unrequited love with Mary for the rest of his life, never marrying, and always being a warm companion to Mary, Martin, Ruth and John, who now knows his value and his skills.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extended_Chuzzlewit_family">Extended Chuzzlewit family</h3></div>

<p><b>Seth Pecksniff</b> is a widower with two daughters, who is a self-styled teacher of architecture. He believes that he is a highly moral individual who loves his fellow man, but he mistreats his students and passes off their designs as his own for profit. He is said to be a cousin of old Martin Chuzzlewit. Pecksniff's rise and fall follows the novel's plot arc.

</p>

<div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:288px;max-width:288px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mr Pecksniff with members of the Chuzzlewit family.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Martin Chuzzlewit the Younger With Mark Tapley</div></div></div></div></div>

<p><b>Charity</b> and <b>Mercy Pecksniff</b> are the two daughters of Mr Pecksniff. They are also known as Cherry and Merry, or as the two Miss Pecksniffs. Charity is portrayed throughout the book as having none of that virtue after which she is named, while Mercy, the younger sister, is at first laughing and girlish, though later events drastically change her outlook on life.

</p><p><b>Old Martin Chuzzlewit</b>, the wealthy patriarch of the Chuzzlewit family, lives in constant suspicion of the financial designs of his extended family. At the beginning of the novel he travels with Mary, an orphan he raised, who is his companion and caretaker. She receives an income while he is alive and is not named in his will; he feels this motivates her to keep him alive. Later in the story, with Mary still his companion, he makes an apparent alliance with Pecksniff, who, he believes, is at least consistent in character. His own true character is revealed by the end of the story.

</p><p><b>Young Martin Chuzzlewit</b> is the grandson of old Martin Chuzzlewit. He is the closest relative of old Martin, and has inherited much of the stubbornness and selfishness of the old man. Young Martin is the <a href="Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> of the story. He is 21 years old at the start, and older than the usual apprentice to an architect. His engagement to Mary is the cause of estrangement between himself and his grandfather. By the end of the story he is a reformed character, having realised and repented of the selfishness of his previous actions.

</p><p><b>Anthony Chuzzlewit</b> is the brother of old Martin. He and his son, Jonas, run a business called Chuzzlewit and Son. They are both self-serving, hardened individuals who view the accumulation of money as the most important thing in life.

</p><p><b>Jonas Chuzzlewit</b> is the mean-spirited, sinisterly jovial son of Anthony Chuzzlewit. He views his father with contempt and wishes for his death, so that he can have the business and the money for himself. He tried to hasten the old man's death, but his father's friend intervened. He is a suitor of the two Miss Pecksniffs, wins one, then is driven to commit murder by his unscrupulous business associations.

</p><p><b>Mr and Mrs Spottletoe</b> are the nephew-in-law and niece of old Martin Chuzzlewit, Mrs Spottletoe being the daughter of old Martin's brother. She was also once <a href="The_Favourite" title="The Favourite">the favourite</a> of old Martin, but they have since fallen out.

</p><p><b>George Chuzzlewit</b> is a bachelor cousin of old Martin.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characters_in_England">Characters in England</h3></div>

<p><b>Thomas (Tom) Pinch</b> is a former student of Pecksniff's who has become his personal assistant. He is kind, simple and honest in everything he does, serving as a <a href="Foil_(narrative)" title="Foil (narrative)">foil</a> to Pecksniff. He carries in his heart an extreme loyalty and admiration for Pecksniff until he discovers Pecksniff's true nature through his treatment of Mary, whom Pinch has come to love. Because Tom Pinch plays such a large role in the story he is sometimes considered the novel's true protagonist. He started as an apprentice long ago, and is 35 years old when he leaves to start a new life in London.

</p><p><b>Ruth Pinch</b> is Tom Pinch's sister. She is sweet and good like her brother, and she is beautiful. At first she works as a governess to a wealthy family, but later she and Tom set up home together. She falls in love with, and marries, Tom's friend John Westlock.

</p><p><b>Mark Tapley</b>, the good-humoured employee of the Blue Dragon Inn and suitor of Mrs Lupin, the landlady of the inn, leaves to find work that might be more of a credit to his character: that is, work sufficiently miserable that his cheerfulness will be more of a credit to him. He eventually joins young Martin Chuzzlewit on his trip to the United States, where he finds at last a situation that requires the full extent of his innate cheerfulness. Martin buys a piece of land in a settlement called Eden, which is in the midst of a <a href="Malaria" title="Malaria">malarial</a> swamp. Mark nurses Martin through illness and they eventually return to England. Mark is a few years older than Martin.

</p>

<p><b>Montague Tigg / Tigg Montague</b> is a down-on-his-luck rogue at the beginning of the story, and a hanger-on to a Chuzzlewit cousin named Chevy Slyme. Later Tigg starts the Anglo-Bengalee Disinterested Loan and Life Assurance Company, which pays off early policyholders' claims with premiums from more recent policyholders. Tigg lures Jonas into the business.

</p><p><b>John Westlock</b> ends his 5 years training under Pecksniff as the story opens. His comments about Pecksniff reveal that architect's real character to the reader. He is great friends with Tom Pinch. Soon after he leaves Pecksniff, Westlock comes into his inheritance, and he lives in London. After Tom Pinch moves to London, John serves as a mentor and companion to Tom and his sister. He falls in love with and eventually marries Ruth Pinch.

</p><p><b>Mr Nadgett</b> is a soft-spoken, mysterious individual who is Tom Pinch's landlord and serves as Montague's private investigator. He is hired to investigate the private lives of potential clients whom Montague hopes to defraud. It has been claimed that he is the first private investigator in fiction.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Panek2011_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Panek2011-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b><a href="Sarah_Gamp" title="Sarah Gamp">Sarah Gamp</a></b> (also known as Sairey or Mrs Gamp) is an alcoholic who works as a <a href="Midwife" title="Midwife">midwife</a>, a <a href="Monthly_nurse" title="Monthly nurse">monthly nurse</a> and a layer-out of the dead. Even in a house of mourning Mrs Gamp manages to enjoy all the hospitality the house can afford, with little regard for the person she is there to minister to, and she is often much the worse for drink. She constantly refers to a Mrs Harris, who is "a phantom of Mrs Gamp's brain ... created for the express purpose of holding visionary dialogues with her on all manner of subjects, and invariably winding up with a compliment to the excellence of her nature". Mrs Gamp habitually carries with her a battered black umbrella: so popular with the Victorian public was the character that <i>Gamp</i> became a slang word for an umbrella in general. It is believed that the character was based on a real nurse described to Dickens by his friend <a href="Angela_Burdett-Coutts%2C_1st_Baroness_Burdett-Coutts" title="Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts">Angela Burdett-Coutts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b>Mary Graham</b> is the companion of old Martin Chuzzlewit, who has told her that she will receive nothing from him in his will. She is a beautiful young woman who is loving and loyal. Mary and young Martin Chuzzlewit fall in love. The two lovers are separated by the argument between grandfather and grandson. They are eventually reunited.

</p><p><b>Mr Chuffey</b> is Anthony Chuzzlewit's old clerk and lifelong companion. Chuffey protects Anthony from his son Jonas.

</p><p><b>Bailey</b> is a boy employed first by Mrs Todgers, then by the fraudster Montague Tigg. He is reported to have suffered a fatal head injury in falling out of a cabriolet, though he eventually recovers.

</p><p><b>Mrs. Todgers</b> owns the inn or boarding house where the Pecksniffs stay when in London. As it is for male guests only, she houses Charity and Mercy in her own suite of rooms.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Characters_in_America">Characters in America</h3></div>

<p><b>Jefferson Brick</b> is a war correspondent in <i>The New York Rowdy Journal</i>. He typifies the bluster written in American newspapers, which publish every speech made by a local, and have poor knowledge of the world beyond America.

</p><p><b>Mr. Bevan</b> is the kind and level-headed American man who meets Martin on his arrival in New York. He aids Martin in returning to England.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2></div>

<p>The main theme of the novel, according to Dickens's <a href="Preface" title="Preface">preface</a>, is selfishness, portrayed in a satirical fashion using all the members of the Chuzzlewit family.

</p><p>The novel is also notable for two of Dickens's great <a href="Villain" title="Villain">villains</a>, Seth Pecksniff and Jonas Chuzzlewit.

</p><p>In keeping with the theme of greed and selfishness in this novel, the Christmas story Dickens published in December 1843, as this novel was being serialized, was <i><a href="A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dedication">Dedication</h2></div>

<p>This novel is dedicated to <a href="Angela_Georgina_Burdett-Coutts" class="mw-redirect" title="Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts">Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts</a>, a friend of Dickens.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2></div>

<p><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> was published in 19 monthly instalments, each comprising 32 pages of text and two illustrations by <a href="Hablot_Knight_Browne" title="Hablot Knight Browne">Phiz</a> and costing one shilling. The last part was double-length.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

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<ul><li>I – January 1843 (chapters 1–3)</li>

<li>II – February 1843 (chapters 4–5)</li>

<li>III – March 1843 (chapters 6–8)</li>

<li>IV – April 1843 (chapters 9–10)</li>

<li>V – May 1843 (chapters 11–12)</li>

<li>VI – June 1843 (chapters 13–15)</li>

<li>VII – July 1843 (chapters 16–17)</li>

<li>VIII – August 1843 (chapters 18–20)</li>

<li>IX – September 1843 (chapters 21–23)</li>

<li>X – October 1843 (chapters 24–26)</li>

<li>XI – November 1843 (chapters 27–29)</li>

<li>XII – December 1843 (chapters 30–32)</li>

<li>XIII – January 1844 (chapters 33–35)</li>

<li>XIV – February 1844 (chapters 36–38)</li>

<li>XV – March 1844 (chapters 39–41)</li>

<li>XVI – April 1844 (chapters 42–44)</li>

<li>XVII – May 1844 (chapters 45–47)</li>

<li>XVIII – June 1844 (chapters 48–50)</li>

<li>XIX-XX – July 1844 (chapters 51–54)</li></ul>

</div>

<p>The early monthly numbers were not as successful as Dickens's previous work and sold about 20,000 copies each, as compared to 40,000 to 50,000 for the monthly numbers of the <i><a href="Pickwick_Papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickwick Papers">Pickwick Papers</a></i> and <i><a href="Nicholas_Nickleby" title="Nicholas Nickleby">Nicholas Nickleby</a></i>, and 60,000 to 70,000 for the weekly issues of <i><a href="Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge</a></i> and <i><a href="The_Old_Curiosity_Shop" title="The Old Curiosity Shop">The Old Curiosity Shop</a></i>. The lack of success of the novel caused a rift between Dickens and his publishers <a href="Chapman_and_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapman and Hall">Chapman and Hall</a> when they invoked a penalty clause in his contract requiring him to pay back money they had lent him to cover their costs.

</p><p>Dickens responded to the disappointing early sales of the monthly parts compared to sales of previous works as monthly instalments; he changed the plot to send the title character to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed the author to portray the United States, which he had visited in 1842, <a href="Satire" title="Satire">satirically</a>, as a near-wilderness with pockets of civilisation filled with deceitful and self-promoting hucksters.

</p><p>Dickens's satire of American modes and manners in the novel won him no friends on the other side of the Atlantic, where the instalments containing the offending chapters were greeted with a "frenzy of wrath". As a consequence Dickens received abusive mail and newspaper clippings from the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson1949132–133_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson1949132–133-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satire_of_1840s_America">Satire of 1840s America</h2></div>

<p>The novel has been seen by some Americans as unfairly critical of the United States, although Dickens himself wrote it as <a href="Satire" title="Satire">satire</a> similar in spirit to his "attacks" on certain people and particular institutions in his native England, in novels such as <i><a href="Oliver_Twist" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist</a></i>. Dickens was serious about reforms in his home country and is credited with achieving changes, notably in the workhouse system and child labour. Such satirical depictions by him and other authors contributed to the call for legislative reform.<sup id="cite_ref-British_Library_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-British_Library-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Fraud" title="Fraud">Fraud</a> in selling land sight unseen was shown as a common event in the United States of the 1840s. Most Americans were satirically portrayed: they proclaim their equality and their love of freedom and egalitarianism at every opportunity. Those who have travelled to England claim to have been received only by <a href="Aristocrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocrats">aristocrats</a>. One character, Mr Bevan, is the voice of reason with a balanced view of his nation and a useful friend to Martin and Mark. Another American character, Mrs Hominy, described The United States as "so maimed and lame, so full of sores and ulcers, foul to the eye and almost hopeless to the sense, that her best friends turn from the loathsome creature with disgust".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Dickens attacks the institution of <a href="Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery in the United States</a> in the following words: "Thus the stars wink upon the bloody stripes; and Liberty pulls down her cap upon her eyes, and owns oppression in its vilest aspect for her sister." <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson1949129–29_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson1949129–29-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Slavery_in_Britain" title="Slavery in Britain">institution of slavery</a> had not been practised in England since the 12th century and Britain <a href="Slave_Trade_Act_1807" title="Slave Trade Act 1807">outlawed</a> the slave trade in the British Empire in 1807 and provided for the gradual <a href="Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">abolition</a> of slavery in most parts of the British Empire in 1833, so the sight of slaves and the still lively debates on keeping or abolishing the practice in the US were an easy stimulant for satire by an English writer.

</p><p><a href="George_L._Rives" title="George L. Rives">George L. Rives</a> wrote that "It is perhaps not too much to say that the publication of <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> did more than almost any other one thing to drive the United States and England in the direction of war" over the <a href="Oregon_boundary_dispute" title="Oregon boundary dispute">Oregon boundary dispute</a>, which was eventually resolved via diplomacy rather than war.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1868, Dickens returned to the US and at a banquet in his honour hosted by the press in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, delivered an after-dinner speech in which he acknowledged the positive transformation which the United States had undergone and apologized for his previous negative reaction on his visit decades before. Furthermore, he announced that he would have the speech appended to each future edition of <i>American Notes</i> and <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i>, and the volumes have been emended as such in all successive publications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations_and_references">Adaptations and references</h2></div>

<p>In 1844 the novel was adapted into a stage play at the <a href="Scala_Theatre" title="Scala Theatre">Queen's Theatre</a>, featuring <a href="Thomas_Manders" title="Thomas Manders">Thomas Manders</a> in drag as Sarah Gamp.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<a href="Short_film" title="Short film">Short film</a> adaptations of the novel were released in 1912, produced by <a href="Thomas_A._Edison%2C_Inc." title="Thomas A. Edison, Inc.">Thomas A. Edison, Inc.</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1914, produced by the <a href="Biograph_Company" title="Biograph Company">Biograph Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>

The first stage performance in the 20th century came in 1993 at the Royal Theatre Northampton. Adapted by Lyn Robertson Hay and directed by Michael Napier Brown, the production starred singer Aled Jones and featured <a href="Katharine_Schlesinger" title="Katharine Schlesinger">Katharine Schlesinger</a> and Colin Atkins.</p>

<p>The novel has been adapted four times by the <a href="BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>

</p>

<ul><li>1954, as a twelve-part serial in the <a href="BBC_Home_Service" title="BBC Home Service">BBC Home Service</a> starring <a href="Donald_Wolfit" title="Donald Wolfit">Donald Wolfit</a> as Mr. Pecksniff, <a href="David_Peel_(actor)" title="David Peel (actor)">Devid Peel</a> as Martin and <a href="Andrew_Cruikshank" title="Andrew Cruikshank">Andrew Cruikshank</a> as Old Martin<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1964, as a <a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit_(1964_TV_series)" title="Martin Chuzzlewit (1964 TV series)">thirteen-part serial</a> on <a href="BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> starring <a href="Barry_Jones_(actor)" title="Barry Jones (actor)">Barry Jones</a> as Old Martin, <a href="Gary_Raymond" title="Gary Raymond">Gary Raymond</a> as Martin and <a href="Richard_Pearson_(actor)" title="Richard Pearson (actor)">Richard Pearson</a> as Mr. Pecksniff<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1987, as a ten-part serial on <a href="BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a> starring <a href="Patrick_Troughton" title="Patrick Troughton">Patrick Troughton</a> as Old Martin, <a href="Christopher_Benjamin_(actor)" title="Christopher Benjamin (actor)">Christopher Benjamin</a> as Mr. Pecksniff and <a href="Valentine_Pelka" title="Valentine Pelka">Valentine Pelka</a> as Martin<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>1994, as a <a href="Martin_Chuzzlewit_(1994_TV_series)" title="Martin Chuzzlewit (1994 TV series)">six-part television miniseries</a> on <a href="BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a> starring <a href="Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> as Old Martin/Anthony Chuzzlewit and <a href="Pete_Postlethwaite" title="Pete Postlethwaite">Pete Postlethwaite</a> as Tigg Montague.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bfi_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bfi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBerard2007" class="citation book cs1">Berard, Jane H (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QRseZghYRpQC&q=%22hundred+points+immeasurably%22&pg=PA3"><i>Dickens and Landscape Discourse</i></a>. New York: Peter Lang. p. 3. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780820450049</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHardwickHardwick1973" class="citation book cs1">Hardwick, Michael; Hardwick, Mollie (1973). <i>The Charles Dickens Encyclopedia</i>. New York: Scribner. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0860077411</bdi>.</cite> </span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bfi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bfi.org.uk/whatson/node/24936">"Dickens on Screen: <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i>"</a>. <a href="British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2012</span>. <q>Dickens is said to have proclaimed <i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> his best work. When early public sales of its first monthly instalments proved disappointing, Dickens changed the plot to send Martin to America, drawing on his visit there in 1842.</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Panek2011-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Panek2011_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Panek2011_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPanek2011" class="citation book cs1">Panek, LeRoy Lad (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jJ16ZfarZo0C"><i>Before Sherlock Holmes: How Magazines and Newspapers Invented the Detective</i></a>. McFarland. p. 97. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780786488568</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrunsdale2006" class="citation book cs1">Brunsdale, Mitzi (2006). "Introduction: The Ancestry of the Contemporary Series Detective". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=whnSaLfYcLQC&pg=PA1"><i>Gumshoes: A Dictionary of Fictional Detectives</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 3. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780313333316</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHawes2001" class="citation cs2">Hawes, Donald (2001), <i>Who's Who in Dickens</i>, Routledge, pp. <span class="nowrap">84–</span>86, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-415-26029-9</bdi></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSummers1997" class="citation cs2">Summers, Annette (1997), "Sairey Gamp: Generating Fact from Fiction", <i>Nursing Inquiry</i>, <b>4</b> (1), Blackwell Publishing Ltd: <span class="nowrap">14–</span>8, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1440-1800.1997.tb00132.x">10.1111/j.1440-1800.1997.tb00132.x</a>, <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9146274">9146274</a></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uvic.ca/library/research-teaching/collections/serials/Chuzzlewit.php">"19th Century Serials: Martin Chuzzlewit"</a>. <i>University of Victoria Library</i>. Victoria, British Columbia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAllingham2019" class="citation web cs1">Allingham, Philip A (22 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/art/illustration/phiz/mc/42.html">"Martin Chuzzlewit – Wrapper Design"</a>. <i>Victorian Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victorianweb.org/art/illustration/phiz/index.html">""Phiz" (Hablot Knight Browne): The Artist who Drew Dickens" (1815-1882)"</a>. <i>Victorian Web</i>. 24 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>ten novels (1836-74): Martin Chuzzlewit (40 plates plus sketches)</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlater2009" class="citation book cs1">Slater, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.vnbrims.org:13000/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/5001/Charles%20Dickens%20A%20Life%20Defined%20by%20Writing.pdf?sequence=1"><i>Charles Dickens: A Life Defined by Writing</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Yale University Press. p. 214. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-300-11207-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>At the end of [monthly instalment] Chuzzlewit V, the May number, young Martin Chuzzlewit, following his show-down with Pecksniff, suddenly announces he will go to America. Nothing has prepared the reader for this, … No doubt a desire to increase the disappointing sales of the monthly parts had much to do with the decision. … motivated by the hope of increasing sales (which it did only very moderately, however)</q></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson1949132–133-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson1949132–133_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson1949">Pearson 1949</a>, pp. 132–133.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-British_Library-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-British_Library_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGriffin" class="citation web cs1">Griffin, Emma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/child-labour#">"Child labour"</a>. The British Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite> <span typeof="mw:File"></span> Material was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Said by Mrs Hominy in Chapter 22 of text, when she met Martin in the town of Watertoast in the United States.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPearson1949129–29-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPearson1949129–29_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPearson1949">Pearson 1949</a>, pp. 129–29.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRives1913" class="citation web cs1">Rives, George Lockhart (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vfhAAAAAIAAJ&q=chuzzlewit&pg=PA17">"The United States and Mexico, 1821-1848"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2008" class="citation web cs1">Kennedy, Robert C (2008) [25 April 1868]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=April&Date=25">"Characters at Dickens's Reading"</a>. <i>Harp Week, Cartoon of the Day & Explanation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorley1951" class="citation journal cs1">Morley, Malcolm (1951). "Martin Chuzzlewit IN THE THEATRE". <i>Dickensian</i>. <b>47</b>: 98. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/1298957534">1298957534</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1912.html">"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List"</a>. <i>silentera.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/M/MartinChuzzlewit1914.html">"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List"</a>. <i>silentera.com</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/search/0/20?q=Martin+Chuzzlewit#top">"Search – BBC Programme Index"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802">"BBC Programme Index"</a>. 19 January 1964.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/64c94b00fbe4472c9ab63518f8db7cb9">"BBC Programme Index"</a>. 6 February 1987.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/e4d0729d647041a3b414f0ee0343e802">"Martin Chuzzlewit: Episode 1"</a>. BBC Genome. 19 January 1964. p. 17.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBowen2003" class="citation cs2">Bowen, John (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dAXP68lqcr0C"><i>Other Dickens: Pickwick to Chuzzlewit</i></a>, Oxford: Oxford University Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-19-926140-6</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFJordan2001" class="citation cs2">Jordan, John O (2001), <i>The Cambridge Companion to Charles Dickens</i>, New York: <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780521669641</bdi></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPearson1949" class="citation cs2">Pearson, Hesketh (1949), <i>Dickens</i>, London: Methuen</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPurchase2006" class="citation journal cs1">Purchase, Sean (2006). "'Speaking of Them as a Body': Dickens, Slavery and 'Martin Chuzzlewit'". <i>Critical Survey</i>. <b>18</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>16. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2F001115706780810735">10.3167/001115706780810735</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780521669641</bdi>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41556146">41556146</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFSulfridge1979" class="citation journal cs1">Sulfridge, Cynthia (1979). "<i>Martin Chuzzlewit:</i> Dickens's Prodigal and the Myth of the Wandering Son". <i>Studies in the Novel</i>. <b>11</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">318–</span>325. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29531984">29531984</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFTambling2001" class="citation cs2">Tambling, Jeremy (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GmyHDAAAQBAJ"><i>Lost in the American city: Dickens, James, and Kafka</i></a>, New York: Palgrave, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-312-29263-8</bdi></cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Martin_Chuzzlewit" class="extiw external" title="q:Special:Search/Martin Chuzzlewit">Martin Chuzzlewit</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">English <a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article:

<div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Martin_Chuzzlewit" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Martin Chuzzlewit"><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i></a></b></div></div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chuzzlewit" class="extiw external" title="commons:Martin Chuzzlewit"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Martin Chuzzlewit</span></a>.</div></div>

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<dl><dt>Online editions</dt></dl>

<ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/charles-dickens/martin-chuzzlewit">Martin Chuzzlewit</a></i> at <a href="Standard_Ebooks" title="Standard Ebooks">Standard Ebooks</a></li>

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</style><span class="citation gutenberg"> <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/968">Martin Chuzzlewit</a></i> at <a href="Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></span> (plain text and HTML)</li>

<li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=Martin+Chuzzlewit&author=Dickens&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced"><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i></a> public domain audiobook at <a href="LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/adventuresoflife00dickrich#page/n11/mode/2up"><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i></a> at <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/martin-chuzzlewit_202204"><i>Martin Chuzzlewit</i> (1987 BBC Radio serial)</a> at <a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Charles_Dickens326" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Charles_Dickens_bibliography" title="Charles Dickens bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Pickwick_Papers" title="The Pickwick Papers">The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club</a></i> (1836–1837)</li>

<li><i><a href="Oliver_Twist" title="Oliver Twist">Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy's Progress</a></i> (1837–1839)</li>

<li><i><a href="Nicholas_Nickleby" title="Nicholas Nickleby">Nicholas Nickleby</a></i> (1838–1839)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Old_Curiosity_Shop" title="The Old Curiosity Shop">The Old Curiosity Shop</a></i> (1840–1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of Eighty</a></i> (1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dombey_and_Son" title="Dombey and Son">Dombey and Son</a></i> (1846–1848)

<ul><li><a href="Characters_in_Dombey_and_Son" title="Characters in Dombey and Son">Characters</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="David_Copperfield" title="David Copperfield">David Copperfield</a></i> (1849–1850)</li>

<li><i><a href="Bleak_House" title="Bleak House">Bleak House</a></i> (1852–1853)</li>

<li><i><a href="Hard_Times_(novel)" title="Hard Times (novel)">Hard Times: For These Times</a></i> (1854)</li>

<li><i><a href="Little_Dorrit" title="Little Dorrit">Little Dorrit</a></i> (1855–1857)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Tale_of_Two_Cities" title="A Tale of Two Cities">A Tale of Two Cities</a></i> (1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="Great_Expectations" title="Great Expectations">Great Expectations</a></i> (1860–1861)</li>

<li><i><a href="Our_Mutual_Friend" title="Our Mutual Friend">Our Mutual Friend</a></i> (1864–1865)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Mystery_of_Edwin_Drood" title="The Mystery of Edwin Drood">The Mystery of Edwin Drood</a></i> (1870)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christmas books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="A_Christmas_Carol" title="A Christmas Carol">A Christmas Carol</a></i> (1843)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Chimes" title="The Chimes">The Chimes</a></i> (1844)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Cricket_on_the_Hearth" title="The Cricket on the Hearth">The Cricket on the Hearth</a></i> (1845)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Battle_of_Life" title="The Battle of Life">The Battle of Life</a></i> (1846)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Haunted_Man_and_the_Ghost's_Bargain" title="The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain">The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain</a></i> (1848)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>"<a href="The_Long_Voyage" title="The Long Voyage">The Long Voyage</a>" (1853)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Signal-Man" title="The Signal-Man">The Signal-Man</a>" (1866)</li>

<li>"<a href="The_Trial_for_Murder" title="The Trial for Murder">The Trial for Murder</a>" (1865)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story <br> collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Sketches_by_Boz" title="Sketches by Boz">Sketches by Boz</a></i> (1833–1836)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Mudfog_Papers" title="The Mudfog Papers">The Mudfog Papers</a></i> (1837–1838)</li>

<li><i><a href="Master_Humphrey's_Clock" title="Master Humphrey's Clock">Master Humphrey's Clock</a></i> (1840–1841)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="American_Notes" title="American Notes">American Notes for General Circulation</a></i> (1842)</li>

<li><i><a href="Pictures_from_Italy" title="Pictures from Italy">Pictures from Italy</a></i> (1846)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Child's_History_of_England" title="A Child's History of England">A Child's History of England</a></i> (1851–1853)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Uncommercial_Traveller" title="The Uncommercial Traveller">The Uncommercial Traveller</a></i> (1860–1861)</li>

<li><a href="Letters_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Letters of Charles Dickens">Letters</a> (1821–1870)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Frozen_Deep" title="The Frozen Deep">The Frozen Deep</a></i> (1856)</li>

<li><i><a href="No_Thoroughfare" title="No Thoroughfare">No Thoroughfare</a></i> (1867)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Bentley's_Miscellany" title="Bentley's Miscellany">Bentley's Miscellany</a></i> (1836–1838)</li>

<li><i><a href="Master_Humphrey's_Clock" title="Master Humphrey's Clock">Master Humphrey's Clock</a></i> (1840–1841)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Daily_News_(UK)" title="The Daily News (UK)">The Daily News</a></i> (1846–1870)</li>

<li><i><a href="Household_Words" title="Household Words">Household Words</a></i> (1850–1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="All_the_Year_Round" title="All the Year Round">All the Year Round</a></i> (1859–1870)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="A_House_to_Let" title="A House to Let">A House to Let</a></i> (1858)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Haunted_House_(story)" title="The Haunted House (story)">The Haunted House</a></i> (1859)</li>

<li><i><a href="A_Message_from_the_Sea" title="A Message from the Sea">A Message from the Sea</a></i> (1860)</li>

<li><i><a href="Mugby_Junction" title="Mugby Junction">Mugby Junction</a></i> (1866)</li>

<li><i><a href="No_Thoroughfare" title="No Thoroughfare">No Thoroughfare</a></i> (1867)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dickens_family" title="Dickens family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Dickens" title="John Dickens">John Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Elizabeth_Dickens" title="Elizabeth Dickens">Elizabeth Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brothers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Frederick_Dickens" title="Frederick Dickens">Frederick Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Lamert_Dickens" title="Alfred Lamert Dickens">Alfred Lamert Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Augustus_Dickens" title="Augustus Dickens">Augustus Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Catherine_Dickens" title="Catherine Dickens">Catherine Dickens (wife)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ellen_Ternan" title="Ellen Ternan">Ellen Ternan (mistress)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Charles_Dickens_Jr." title="Charles Dickens Jr.">Charles Dickens Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Mary_Dickens" title="Mary Dickens">Mary Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Kate_Perugini" title="Kate Perugini">Kate Perugini</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter_Landor_Dickens" title="Walter Landor Dickens">Walter Landor Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Francis_Dickens" title="Francis Dickens">Francis Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_D'Orsay_Tennyson_Dickens" title="Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens">Alfred D'Orsay Tennyson Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Sydney_Smith_Haldimand_Dickens" title="Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens">Sydney Smith Haldimand Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Henry_Fielding_Dickens" title="Henry Fielding Dickens">Henry Fielding Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Dora_Annie_Dickens" title="Dora Annie Dickens">Dora Annie Dickens</a></li>

<li><a href="Edward_Dickens" title="Edward Dickens">Edward Dickens</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tombstone_of_Charles_Irving_Thornton" title="Tombstone of Charles Irving Thornton">Epitaph of Charles Irving Thornton</a></li>

<li><a href="Bleak_House%2C_Broadstairs" title="Bleak House, Broadstairs">Bleak House</a></li>

<li><a href="Racism_in_the_work_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Racism in the work of Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens and racism</a></li>

<li><a href="Tavistock_House" title="Tavistock House">Tavistock House</a></li>

<li><a href="Gads_Hill_Place" title="Gads Hill Place">Gads Hill Place</a></li>

<li><a href="Grip_(raven)" title="Grip (raven)">Grip (raven)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickens_fair" title="Dickens fair">Dickens fair</a></li>

<li><a href="Dickens_and_Little_Nell_(Elwell)" title="Dickens and Little Nell (Elwell)"><i>Dickens and Little Nell</i> (statue)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Portrait_of_Charles_Dickens" title="Portrait of Charles Dickens">Portrait of Charles Dickens</a></i> (1839 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Portrait_of_Charles_Dickens_(Scheffer)" title="Portrait of Charles Dickens (Scheffer)">Portrait of Charles Dickens</a></i> (1855 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Charles_Dickens_in_His_Study" title="Charles Dickens in His Study">Charles Dickens in His Study</a></i> (1859 painting)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickens_of_London" title="Dickens of London">Dickens of London</a></i> (1976 miniseries)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickens_in_America" title="Dickens in America">Dickens in America</a></i> (2005 documentary)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Invisible_Woman_(2013_film)" title="The Invisible Woman (2013 film)">The Invisible Woman</a></i> (2013 film)</li>

<li><i><a href="Dickensian_(TV_series)" title="Dickensian (TV series)">Dickensian</a></i> (2015 TV series)</li>

<li><i><a href="The_Man_Who_Invented_Christmas_(film)" title="The Man Who Invented Christmas (film)">The Man Who Invented Christmas</a></i> (2017 film)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1903609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata935" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1903609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata935" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/181441183">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4240733-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79107981">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12106918m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12106918m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007602054805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/029442869">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-16" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Martin_Chuzzlewit&oldid=1300884798">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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